:root{--bg:#f6f7fb;--paper:#fff;--ink:#202c42;--muted:#65728a;--line:#dce3ef;--blue:#275bd4;--soft:#edf2ff;--green:#22765e;--radius:18px;font-synthesis:none;color-scheme:light}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:28px}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.85 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI","Noto Sans KR",sans-serif;word-break:keep-all;overflow-wrap:break-word;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
a{color:var(--blue);text-underline-offset:4px}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,select,input[type=range]{cursor:pointer}button,select{min-height:40px}select{max-width:100%;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;background:#fff;color:var(--ink);padding:5px 28px 5px 10px;font-size:13px}button{color:inherit}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,canvas:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #e7a533;outline-offset:4px}
input[type=range]{width:100%;accent-color:var(--blue);min-height:30px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]{accent-color:var(--blue)}img,canvas{max-width:100%}figure{margin:0}figcaption,.caption{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;text-align:center}.caption{margin:14px 0 0}figure img{display:block}strong,b{font-weight:700}h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.045em}h2{font-size:28px;margin:7px 0 18px}h3{font-size:19px;margin:26px 0 10px}p{margin:12px 0}em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)}code{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace;background:var(--soft);padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-size:.86em;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.wrap{width:min(900px,100%);margin:0 auto;padding:0 28px}#reading-progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:3px;width:0;background:var(--blue);z-index:20}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-80px;left:12px;background:white;padding:12px;z-index:30}.skip-link:focus{top:8px}.hero{padding:32px 0 36px}.back{display:inline-block;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;margin-bottom:35px}.eyebrow,.step{color:var(--blue);font-size:11px;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.11em}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(34px,5.8vw,54px);line-height:1.27;margin:17px 0 18px;letter-spacing:-.055em}.lead{font-size:17px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.85}.hero-points{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:23px}.hero-points span{font-size:11px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;border-radius:24px;padding:4px 11px;color:#506079}
.toc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:12px 18px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);padding:23px;border-radius:var(--radius);margin:0 0 15px}.toc>.eyebrow{grid-column:1/-1;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:2px}.toc a{font-size:13px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink)}.toc a:hover{color:var(--blue)}.toc b{font-size:11px;color:#8093b1;margin-right:8px}section{padding:48px 0 44px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}section>p{max-width:780px}.panel{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:23px;margin:25px 0 20px}.panel-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:21px}.panel-top label{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.badge{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;color:var(--green);background:#e9f5ef;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:7px}.badge.quiet{color:var(--blue);background:var(--soft)}.text-button{background:transparent;border:0;color:var(--blue);font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;padding:4px}.note{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}.aside{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.callout{border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:var(--soft);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;padding:17px 23px;margin:22px 0}.callout>b{color:var(--blue);font-size:12px}.callout p{margin:7px 0;font-size:17px}.callout strong{color:var(--blue)}
.example-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;align-items:center}.input-stage{height:180px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff;margin-bottom:10px;padding:12px}.input-stage img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;image-rendering:pixelated}.compare-stage{position:relative;aspect-ratio:1.1;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;--split:50%}.compare-stage>img{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;padding:14px;image-rendering:pixelated}.compare-stage #model-image{clip-path:inset(0 calc(100% - var(--split)) 0 0)}.compare-divider{position:absolute;left:var(--split);top:0;bottom:0;border-left:2px solid var(--blue);pointer-events:none}.compare-divider:after{content:'↔';position:absolute;top:48%;left:-14px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;width:27px;height:27px;font-size:17px;text-align:center;line-height:25px}.corner-label{position:absolute;top:9px;font-size:10px;background:rgba(242,246,255,.94);border-radius:5px;padding:3px 7px;color:#496082}.corner-label.left{left:9px}.corner-label.right{right:9px}.slider-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:13px}.slider-label output{color:var(--blue);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.reference-figure{display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:center;margin-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:18px}.reference-figure[hidden]{display:none}.reference-figure img{width:100px;height:110px;object-fit:contain;image-rendering:pixelated}.reference-figure figcaption{text-align:left}
.palette{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:22px}.swatch{position:relative;width:31px;min-height:31px;height:31px;border:1px solid #bac5d5;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px #fff}.swatch[aria-pressed=true]{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:3px}.pixel-lab{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 40px minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:12px;max-width:650px;margin:0 auto}.pixel-lab canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;image-rendering:pixelated;touch-action:manipulation}.pixel-lab figcaption{margin-top:9px}#pixel-input{cursor:crosshair}.lab-arrow{font-size:24px;text-align:center;color:#92a2bc}.control-line{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:center;margin-top:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:12px}.readout{font-size:13px;background:var(--soft);color:#3d5379;padding:11px 14px;border-radius:9px;margin-top:17px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.rgb-dot{display:inline-block;width:13px;height:13px;border:1px solid #aab7ca;border-radius:3px;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:6px}
.conv-lab{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.3fr) 22px minmax(0,1fr) 22px minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:23px 0}.mini-title{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:9px}.matrix{display:grid;gap:3px;font:12px/1 ui-monospace,monospace}.input-matrix{grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr)}.kernel-matrix{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.matrix span{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;aspect-ratio:1;border-radius:4px;min-width:0}.matrix .selected{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px;position:relative}.kernel-matrix span{background:var(--soft);color:var(--blue)}.conv-result{text-align:center}.conv-result>output{display:block;font-size:35px;font-weight:700;color:var(--blue);line-height:1.5;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.conv-result>.aside{font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;display:block}.equation{font:12px/2 ui-monospace,monospace;overflow-wrap:anywhere;color:#52627b;padding-top:12px}.convolution-panel>.aside{font-size:12px}
.network-flow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;margin:24px 0}.network-node{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:15px;background:#fff;position:relative}.network-node .node-index{font-size:10px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:bold}.network-node b{display:block;font-size:13px;margin:5px 0}.network-node code{font-size:11px;display:inline-block}.network-node small{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}.network-node:last-child{background:var(--soft);border-color:#bdcffe}.feature-gallery{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:12px;margin:20px 0}.feature-gallery figure{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:12px}.feature-gallery img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1.1;object-fit:contain;image-rendering:pixelated}.feature-gallery figcaption{font-size:11px;margin-top:8px}.flow{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:20px;margin:20px 0;font-size:14px}.flow span,.flow div{max-width:100%}.flow .arrow{color:var(--muted)}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin:20px 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px}th,td{text-align:left;padding:13px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}th{background:#edf2fa;font-weight:600}tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}td:first-child{min-width:100px}details{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:13px 17px;background:#fff;margin:12px 0;font-size:14px}summary{cursor:pointer;color:#344e7b;font-weight:600}details p{font-size:14px}ol,ul{padding-left:22px}li{margin:9px 0}.sources-list a{font-size:13px}.provenance{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);overflow-wrap:anywhere}#provenance{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}#provenance details{font-size:12px}#provenance code{font-size:11px}.error-note{color:#9a3b24;background:#fff2ec;padding:15px;border-radius:8px}footer.wrap{padding-top:27px;padding-bottom:55px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}footer .fineprint{font-size:11px;margin-top:24px}.noscript{padding:15px;text-align:center;background:#fff2dc}
@media(min-width:1100px){.wrap{width:900px}.hero{padding-top:40px}.toc{padding:25px}.comparison-panel{padding:28px}.compare-stage{aspect-ratio:1.25}.input-stage{height:190px}}
@media(max-width:620px){body{font-size:15px;line-height:1.85}.wrap{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.hero{padding-top:20px}.back{margin-bottom:27px}.hero h1{font-size:36px}.lead{font-size:15px}.toc{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));padding:18px;gap:12px}.toc a{font-size:12px}.toc b{margin-right:5px}section{padding:37px 0}h2{font-size:24px}.panel{padding:15px;border-radius:13px}.panel-top{gap:10px;margin-bottom:16px}.panel-top label{width:100%}.panel-top select{max-width:calc(100% - 40px)}.example-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px}.input-figure{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px}.input-stage{height:90px;width:92px;padding:7px;margin:0;flex-shrink:0}.input-figure figcaption{text-align:left;font-size:11px}.compare-stage{aspect-ratio:1.12}.pixel-lab{gap:6px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 17px minmax(0,1fr)}.lab-arrow{font-size:18px}.pixel-lab figcaption{font-size:10px}.readout{font-size:11px;padding:9px}.conv-lab{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) 12px minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}.conv-lab>.lab-arrow:nth-of-type(2){display:none}.conv-result{grid-column:1/-1;display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-top:8px}.conv-result>output{font-size:28px}.conv-result .mini-title{margin:0}.conv-result>.aside{max-width:100px}.matrix{font-size:10px}.network-flow{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px}.network-node{padding:11px}.network-node b{font-size:12px}.network-node code{font-size:10px}.feature-gallery{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px}.feature-gallery figure{padding:8px}.callout{padding:13px 16px}.callout p{font-size:15px}th,td{padding:10px;font-size:12px}.flow{padding:15px;font-size:12px;gap:8px}}
.flow>div{flex:1;text-align:center;min-width:100px}.flow>div>strong,.flow>div>span{display:block}.flow>div>span{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}.flow-arrow{color:#8c9db7}.source-list li>span{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.training-pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;margin:25px 0 12px}.training-pair figure{padding:14px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}.training-pair img{width:100%;height:190px;object-fit:contain;image-rendering:pixelated;margin:10px 0}.training-pair .mini-title{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.training-pair figcaption{font-size:10px}
@media(max-width:620px){.training-pair{gap:6px}.training-pair figure{padding:8px}.training-pair img{height:110px}.training-pair .mini-title{font-size:10px}.training-pair figcaption{font-size:9px}.flow>div{min-width:80px}.flow>div>strong{font-size:11px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}